History+of+Disability+Rights+Movement

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 * =Disability rights movement=


 * =Civil rights movement (African-Americans' rights)=


 * =Women's rights movement=


 * =Gay rights movement=


 * ===__**Recommended sources**__:===
 * **available at Uni High Library**
 * **Maureen Harrison and Steve Gilbert (eds.), //The Americans with Disabilities Act Handbook//**
 * **available at Champaign Public Library**
 * **Joseph P. Shapiro, //No Pity//: //People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement// (esp. pp. 58-73 + notes)**
 * **Frank Bowe, //Equal Rights for Americans with Disabilities//**
 * **Websites**
 * [|Disability Museum]
 * [|San Francisco State University: A Chronology of Disability Rights Movements]

=Research summaries:= “gay-rights movement.” //Encyclopedia.com.// The Columbia Encyclopedia. Sixth Edition. 2008. Web. 21 Jan 2010. 

The modern gay rights movement began with the Stonewall Riot. The Stonewall Riot took place June 28, 1969 at the Stonewall Inn in New York City. Police spontaneously raided a gay bar at the Inn. Just after this unfortunate event, protests for gay liberation broke out. Activists worked for the repeal of law: prohibiting homosexual conduct. In 1993 the Department of Defense, on President Bill Clinton’s order, changed the ban on homosexuals in the military to banning just open admissions of homosexuality (you may recognize this as “Don’t ask, don’t tell”). In 1995 homosexuals were no longer automatically denied U.S. government security clearances. At a national level, in 1996 Congress passed the Defense of Marriage Act, which restricted the definition of marriage to heterosexual couples, but some called for a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriages. By 1999 only 11 states had laws protecting homosexuals from discrimination.

Gay marriage became an important rights issue in the ‘90’s. Many religious groups had the opinion that if it wasn’t in the Bible, then it couldn’t be right; but there were also people who weren’t necessarily gay, but that supported gay rights as civil rights just as they’d supported women’s rights, and African American rights.

In 2004 Massachusetts began licensing for same-sex marriages, unfortunately this amendment failed. Massachusetts tried again, as well as other states- and now they can have same-sex marriages. Some of these states include: Connecticut (became legal November of 2008), Iowa (April of 2009), New Hampshire (January of 2010), New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, and Rhode Island.

The issue of gay rights isn’t over. There’s still a lot of improvement to be made. We’ll just have to wait and see what the future holds.

[Niyah Jackson]

1960s -." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. 9 Feb. 2010. Web. 09 Feb. 2010. . The civil rights movement really started in 1896 when the // Plessy v. Ferguson // case ruled in favor of Ferguson, saying that anyone with African-American heritage was considered African-American, in the Supreme Court. This inspired the African-American civil rights movement, which led to all of the other movements. In the 1960s it was a time of change. There was widespread dislike of the Vietnam War, and there were many protests on college campuses and by church groups. In 1971 is when the United States changed the voting age. One of the arguments was: if you're old enough to die for your country, you're old enough to vote. If you're old enough to die for your country, you're old enough to vote. The African-American civil rights movement still had much work to do even though there was the new law, National Voting Rights Act of 1965. Feminism was once more a major movement but this time the emphasis was more on making it more socially acceptable for women to be out in the workplace not just at home, which was the thinking of most before then. From WWII until around 1960s’ is when the Hispanic and Chicano Movement really took hold. In the ‘60s the main goals of the movement were to break common stereotypes created by the media, to fight against discrimination in both the public and private sector and formed many organizations. One of these organizations, though not to form in the 1960’s, is the League of United Latin American Citizens, had been in 1929. This group helped to fight for Mexican-Americans’ rights. The 1960’s was a time of great unrest, and that decade has shaped our country in many ways. [Beth Larson]

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Shapiro, Joseph P. “From Charity to Independent Living.” __No Pity: People with__ __Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement.__ New York: Random House. 41-74. In 1948 Rehabilitation Program is founded on the Galesburg campus for the University of Illinois. The University of California at Berkeley accepts Ed Roberts as the first student with all four limbs disabled to attend in 1962. The press makes has more coverage of Roberts having a physical disability and going to Berkeley then about any student with a disability going to UIUC. (41) Within the campus of Berkeley, students with disabilities had a hard time leaving Berkeley because they had found a community. As the Berkeley campus tried to have rules and regulations, the “Rolling Quads,” a group of students that were quadriplegics had to fight against restrictions just because they were disabled. Berkeley was less accepting of students with disabilities than UIUC campus. The Berkeley students with disabilities called the media so that they would broadcast their protests of the University. The students had to fight for the changes that needed to be made to the city of Berkeley, while the town of UIUC changed with the campus. Soon students with disabilities started dividing on the issues of how to best obtain rights. One example is of a large debate was whether the students should have group housing or more of an independent setting. The independent setting was several smaller homes or apartments. (49) In spring of 1972, the Center for Independent Living (CIL) was created. It was run by people with disabilities. (53) The Rehab Program had been run by administrators who had created the program, while the programs at Berkeley had been primarily student run, the original creator was Tim Nugent who worked run the Rehab Program for many years. This is seriously contrasting with how the “Rolling Quads” was run. The program at the University of California at Berkeley was student run, and the Rehab Program has always been administrator run, though the problems that the “Rolling Quads” had with the administrators who had tried to run the program was nonexistent for the Rehab Program. Tim Nugent had been hired to create a program for veterans from WWII who had disabilities. The Physically Disabled Students’ Program (PDSP) had been created in the fall of 1970 with a starting budget of $83,000. The PDSP was an anti-dropout program for racial minorities, but it applied to disabled students as well. The PDSP was run by “The Rolling Quads,” a group of students with severe disabilities who had started the Independent Living Movement. (53) UIUC campus was flourishing by the ‘70s, with students living in Greenbrier, a nursing home, and Tanbrier, a house converted for student use, and eventually, in 1982 Beckwith Hall. Most of these students obtained tough degrees and went onto successful careers. (52) [Cameron Cornell] ====== ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Return to Home Page